At the G20 leaders' summit held in South Africa, despite the US opposition, the summit declaration was adopted under pressure from the US.

This G20 summit held in Johannesburg marked the first time South Africa, as the host country, has hosted a G20 summit on the African continent. The summit took place amid intense geopolitical competition and volatile international economic conditions. On the African continent, conflicts and wars are frequent, and globally, inequality is worsening, and the pressure of climate change is increasing.

In this context, all parties should uphold the original purpose of the G20's establishment to jointly address various global challenges. However, the Trump administration of the United States refused to attend South Africa's G20 summit, citing South Africa's unfriendly policies toward white people. Another deeper reason for the United States' unwillingness to attend the South African G20 summit might be that South Africa has sued Israel and Netanyahu for the killing of Palestinians in the Gaza Strip.

Regardless of whether the United States comes or not, South Africa's G20 summit will proceed as scheduled and has achieved relevant declarations. This declaration explicitly states that, under the comprehensive guidance of the purposes and principles of the UN Charter, all parties will work toward achieving just, comprehensive, and lasting peace in Sudan, the Congo, gold, Palestinian-occupied territories, and Ukraine, as well as ending conflicts and wars in other parts of the world. In the field of climate change, which Trump dislikes very much, the commitment to achieving the goals of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change is reaffirmed, along with strengthening the full and effective implementation of the Paris Agreement, and addressing climate change based on the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities. It is particularly emphasized that this year marks the 10th anniversary of the signing of the Paris Agreement, highlighting its temperature control target, which is to limit the increase in global average temperature to within 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels and to further limit it to 1.5 degrees Celsius.

For Africa, more than 600 million people still lack access to electricity. The declaration points out support for jointly advancing by 2030 the tripling of global renewable energy capacity and the doubling of the annual rate of improvement in global energy efficiency, while also supporting the implementation of other zero-emission and low-emission technologies by 2030, including carbon reduction and carbon removal technologies, in line with the national conditions of each country. It reiterates the importance of supporting developing countries in transitioning to low-carbon emissions, striving to provide them with low-cost financing, and achieving these goals through mechanisms such as preferential loans, blended financing, risk reduction tools, and technical support.

The G20 Group's working group also specifically emphasized increasing Africa's voice within the G20 Group, warmly welcoming the African Union, also known as the African Union, as a formal member of the Group of Twenty. The declaration states that Africa's voice should be fully heard in the G20 and all other international forums. Trump now has a very strong dislike for Africa, and the United States' military and other resources have been gradually withdrawn from Africa, which is why during the visit of Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman to the United States, he specifically asked Trump to return to Africa to interfere and intervene in the Sudanese civil war. However, Trump found Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman's request difficult to accept. From the attitude of the Trump administration towards the G20 summit held in South Africa this time, Trump administration's "America First" policy can be described as discarding it like trash for an international economic and cooperation organization like the G20.

The background of the G20's formation was the 2008 financial tsunami that the United States encountered. At that time, the international economy was turbulent, and the United States faced huge domestic economic pressure. The outgoing President Bush and the incoming President Obama discussed holding a G20 summit, gathering the top 20 economies in the world in the United States to hold a summit to address the international economic challenges of the time. The following year, G20 became a fixed mechanism and moved to London, England. So although the United States is boycotting this year's summit in South Africa, next year, the United States will once again serve as the chair of the G20, and by 2027, the United Kingdom will continue to hold the position.

According to G20 rules, the setting of themes for relevant summits follows the troika mechanism, where the host country of the previous G20 summit, the current host country, and the next host country collectively deliberate. Therefore, on this issue, the US cannot shirk South Africa and must continue to negotiate with it. So, we also need to pay attention to Trump's